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While a high-fat, low-fiber diet is known to promote cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, the mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood. Researchers at Inserm and Université Paris Cité have now turned their attention to the role of intestinal microbiota in the development of atherosclerosis.

A better understanding of how bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics is a key research issue in tackling the major public health problem of antibiotic resistance. The main mechanism by which these resistances are disseminated is called "DNA transfer by bacterial conjugation". Until now, this was thought to occur only between bacteria in direct contact with each other.

Glioblastomas are highly aggressive brain tumors whose treatment consists of surgery and radiochemotherapy. A new medical imaging technique could improve patients' prognosis, according to a recent clinical trial led by élisabeth Moyal, Professor at Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier University and Head of the Radiotherapy Department at the IUCT-Oncopole.

Neuroscientists from Inserm, CNRS and Université de Bordeaux in France, along with Swiss researchers and neurosurgeons (EPFL/CHUV/UNIL), have designed and tested a "neuroprosthesis” to correct the gait disorders associated with Parkinson's disease. In a study published in Nature Medicine , the scientists describe the development process of the device they used to treat a Parkinson's disease patient for the first time, enabling him to walk fluidly, confidently, and without falling.

Our microbiome is directly and indirectly linked to the development of a growing number of human pathologies. This is true for the bacterial component, but also for the population of microscopic fungi that make up the intestinal microbiome. However, most of the fungi in our diet come from the food industry (cheeses, bread, etc.

Sleeping in prone position was identified as the major risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the early 1990s. Royalty-free image - Association Naître et Vivre and ANCReMIN In several European countries where the incidence rates of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are high, a high frequency of unsafe parental sleep practices has also been observed.

Adding certain odorants to food can make us perceive it as sweeter or saltier than it actually is. A recent study shows that this phenomenon is even more present in obese people. Obesity in adult populations in France has increased from 8.5% in 1997 to 17% in 2020 Source: Ligue contre l'obésité With obesity rates steadily increasing, reducing the amount of sugar and salt in food, whether at home or in ready-made meals, is high on the list of priorities.

When we sleep we are not completely cut off from our environment: we are still able to hear and understand words. These observations, resulting from the close collaboration between researchers from Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Université and AP-HP at the Brain Institute and the Department of Sleep Disorders at Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris, call into question the very definition of sleep and the clinical criteria that distinguish between its different stages.

Long thought to be non-existent in humans, brown and beige adipose tissue plays a key role in our body's energy homeostasis. Nevertheless, they are in short supply in our bodies, and observing them in situ is not easy. A French scientific team 1 from Inserm, ESF and Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier University, led by Professor Louis Casteilla and based at the Restore Institute (CNRS/EFS/Inserm/UT3), has developed a unique process to generate them in the laboratory in the form of organoids.

Cancer and aging are closely linked processes, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are still not well understood. By studying immune cells in the lung, researchers from Institut Curie and Inserm have provided new knowledge on the topic. They show that targeting ruptures of the nuclear envelope of these cells would represent a new opportunity for therapeutic intervention in age-related diseases, in particular cancer, thus improving the quality of life of the elderly in the long term.

The brain impacts of infection with SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, are increasingly well documented in the scientific literature. Researchers from Inserm, Lille University Hospital and Université de Lille, at the Lille Neuroscience & Cognition unit, in collaboration with their colleagues at Imperial College London, focused more specifically on the impacts of this infection on a population of neurons known for regulating sexual reproduction via the hypothalamus (the neurons that express the GnRH hormone).

Researchers at Toulouse University Hospital, Inserm and Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier University have recently made a breakthrough in the understanding and treatment of chronic kidney disease, a pathology affecting millions of people worldwide. Published in Science Translational Medicine, this promising scientific breakthrough is based on the identification of the responsibility of an inflammatory protein in the serious complications of the disease, paving the way for a new therapeutic approach.

The Translational Medicine and Targeted Therapies research team, headed by Prof. Guillaume Canaud at the Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Inserm), in collaboration with the maxillofacial surgery team from theHôpital Necker-Enfants Malades AP-HP (Prof. Roman Khonsari and Prof. Arnaud Picard) and the "Shape and Growth of the Skull" laboratory (Prof. Roman Khonsari), studied the PIK3CA pathway in patients suffering from a rare disease affecting facial muscles, hemifacial myohyperplasia.

Emulsifiers are among the additives most widely used by the food industry, helping to improve the texture of food and extend its shelf life. Researchers from Inserm, INRAE, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université Paris Cité and Cnam, as part of the Nutritional epidemiology research team (EREN-CRESS), studied the impacts on cardiovascular health of the consumption of emulsifiers.

The Lille-based teams of Professors François Pattou (Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille) and Philippe Preux (Université de Lille, Inria) have developed a tool capable of predicting, in a personalized way, the weight loss expected over 5 years in a patient after bariatric surgery.

Antibody fragments of EPCT112 bNAb (blue) discovered at the Institut Pasteur by Hugo Mouquet's team, here forming a complex with the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env) (shown in yellow and orange Some HIV-1 carriers who have received an early antiretroviral treatment during several years are able to control the virus for a long term after treatment interruption.

Numerous studies are now reporting the harmful effects of air pollution on the central nervous system (neurodegenerative diseases in adults, neurodevelopmental disorders in children). Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, is a neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve whose principal characteristic is thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer.

To understand the main determinants behind worldwide antibiotic resistance dynamics, scientists from the Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines and Université Paris-Saclay developed a statistical model based on a large-scale spatial-temporal analysis. Using the ATLAS antimicrobial resistance surveillance database, the model revealed significant differences in trends and associated factors depending on bacterial species and resistance to certain antibiotics.

Faced with childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, how to break the therapeutic deadlock - The answer may well lie in the genes of the proteasome, an intracellular machinery responsible for eliminating defective proteins from the cell. A research team from Inserm, CNRS, Nantes University and Nantes University Hospital, working at the Institut du Thorax and in collaboration with international teams, has studied the genomes of 23 children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

In the face of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, how can we get out of the therapeutic "dead end”' The answer could well be found in the genes of the proteasome - an intracellular mechanism that is responsible for removing defective proteins from the cell. A research team from Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université and Nantes University Hospital, at the Thorax Institute and in collaboration with international teams, studied the genome of 23 children with neurodevelopmental disorders.