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Life Sciences - Health - 21.02.2022 
Transplantation chemotherapy eliminates regenerative capacity of brain’s innate immune cells
Brain microglia (green) initiating expression of cell division marker (red), but unable divide due to co-expression of a senescence marker (blue), due to the chemotherapy treatment (busulfan). K. Sailor/ PM Lledo, Institut Pasteur. Annually over 50,000 bone marrow transplantations occur worldwide as a therapy for multiple cancerous and non-cancerous diseases.
Health - Pharmacology - 17.02.2022 
Defeating leukaemia cells by depriving them of energy
Selective activation of the AMPK enzyme would lead to the death of leukaemia cells (in purple in this image). Jérôme Tamburini / UNIGE High resolution pictures A Swiss-French team that includes scientists has discovered how to trigger apoptosis in leukaemia cells by disrupting their energy maintenance mechanism.
Health - Pharmacology - 11.02.2022 
A Novel Immunotherapy Approach Redirects Epstein-Barr Antibodies toward Disease-Causing Cells
Monoclonal antibody therapy can be very effective in treating numerous illnesses, such as cancers, chronic inflammatory conditions, and infectious diseases. However, it is costly and uses molecules that are complicated to produce. Therefore, it is essential to identify new therapeutic alternatives so that as many patients as possible get the treatments they need.
Health - Pharmacology - 03.02.2022 
Cancer Treatment: Identification of the Blood Vessels That Allow Killer Lymphocytes to Access and Destroy Tumors
Microscopic visualization of lymphocytes ( in green ) infiltrating a tumor HEV ( in red ) during combination anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy. The white arrow indicates a lymphocyte that is leaving the bloodstream and entering the tumor ( Immunotherapy, a therapeutic strategy aimed at increasing the activity of the immune system in order to recognize and destroy cancer cells, has revolutionized cancer treatment over the past decade.
Health - Pharmacology - 01.02.2022 
COVID-19: A ’Programmed Cell Death’ Phenomenon in Hospitalized Patients
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 disease attached to human respiratory epithelial cells. ©M.Rosa-Calatraval/O.Terrier/A.Pizzorno/E.Errazuriz-Cerda Almost 60% of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 have lymphopenia - a lower than normal number of lymphocytes in the blood circulation.
Health - Pharmacology - 26.01.2022 
Improvement in the Health of Two Infants with Severe Disharmonious Overgrowth Syndromes
Disharmonious overgrowth syndromes are rare genetic diseases associated with a PIK3CA gene mutation. Since 2016, a team of researchers from Inserm, Paris Public Hospitals Group (AP-HP), Université de Paris, the Disharmonious Overgrowth and Vascular Abnormalities Unit of Institut Necker-Enfants Malades and the clinical departments of Hospices Civils of Lyon has demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of alpelisib, a molecule used to fight certain cancers, in treating a group of children and adults with severe forms of these diseases.
Health - Life Sciences - 25.01.2022
Health - Environment - 18.01.2022 
Cyclists and Pedestrians Inhale More Road Traffic Particles Than Motorized Transport Users
Users of different transport types breathe in over twice the dose of black carbon per 30-minute period when traveling compared with when not traveling (when at home or at work, for example). Unsplash The measurements of individual exposure to pollution, which are generally taken at the place of residence, overlook two major parameters: the much higher exposure occurring during travel and the variations in air volumes, and consequently the varying levels of air pollutants, which are inhaled according to the intensity of physical exertion involved by the journey.
Health - Environment - 13.01.2022 
Reducing air pollution: policies that pay off
Every year in France, fine particle pollution (particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres 1 ) leads to the premature death of around 40,000 people. The associated cost is estimated at €100 billion per year. Despite this, public policies to combat air pollution are generally implemented without first assessing their future health and economic impacts.
Health - Life Sciences - 11.01.2022 
Identification of a novel therapeutic target in Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the bone marrow, with a life expectancy of less than 5 years post-diagnosis. Proteasome inhibitors, the therapeutic backbone of current treatments, are very effective in treating newly diagnosed cancers but resistance or intolerance to these molecules inevitably develop, leading to relapses.
Social Sciences - Health - 05.01.2022
Health - 14.12.2021
Health - Pharmacology - 21.10.2021 
New, promising opportunities for treating skin fibrosis
Skin fibrosis impairs skin tissue function, and has a strong aesthetic impact. French researchers have now shown that applying an electric field to the skin could cure skin fibrosis by reducing overly high collagen levels. Collagen, the main component of the skin's extracellular matrix, can cause a pathological condition if it is in excess.
Health - Pharmacology - 20.10.2021 
A new therapeutic target to combat addiction?
Drug addiction is a psychiatric disorder for which no pharmacological treatment with long-term efficacy currently exists. All addictive substances share the property of raising concentrations of the neurotransmitter dopamine within brain regions forming the neural reward circuit. This increase in dopamine levels results in long-lasting alteration of signal transmission that is dependent on another neurotransmitter, glutamate, which causes addictive behaviours.
Health - Life Sciences - 21.09.2021 
Breast cancers: ruptures in cell nuclei promotes tumor invasion
Cell nuclei protect the DNA. Nuclei can rupture when cells are deformed, causing DNA damage. In the case of breast cancer, this damage makes tumour cells more invasive, with increased risk of metastasis. When cells multiply and migrate, they can be compressed and their nucleus may break open. This phenomenon causes DNA damage.
Health - 26.08.2021
Health - 28.07.2021 
Neandertal and Denisovan blood groups deciphered
The blood groups of three Neandertal females and one Denisovan female have been determined by a Marseille-based team including a palaeoanthropologist, population geneticists, and haematologists. Their research provides new data for understanding the origins, history, and health of these extinct hominin lineages.
Health - Life Sciences - 25.05.2021 
Optogenetic Methods Restore Partial Vision in a Blind Patient
Results of this research, a world-first, were published in Nature Medicine on May 24th, 2021. An international research team has shown that optogenetic therapy has helped a patient with retinitis pigmentosa to partially regain visual function. This is a milestone step towards a type of gene therapy that could restore vision.
Health - Life Sciences - 13.04.2021 
’All-in-One’ Technique that Could Accelerate Phage-Therapy Diagnosis
Lensless Imaging System Affirms Phage Therapy's Value in Treating Serious Infection, Tracks Phage Resistance and Could Easily Be Implemented in Compact Devices at Phage Labs GRENOBLE, France - April 13, 2021 - A team of French and Swiss scientists has demonstrated a lensless imaging technique that could easily be implemented in cost-effective and compact devices in phage laboratories to accelerate phage-therapy diagnosis.
Life Sciences - Health - 06.04.2021 
A protein with a dual role: both repair and mutation
The Mfd protein repairs bacterial DNA, but can also, to scientists' surprise, promote mutation. Bacterial mutations can lead to antibiotic resistance. Understanding this second "role" of the Mfd protein opens up opportunities for combating antibiotic resistance, and also the resistance of tumours to anti-cancer drugs and therapies.
Health
Results 101 - 120 of 289.
Brain microglia (green) initiating expression of cell division marker (red), but unable divide due to co-expression of a senescence marker (blue), due to the chemotherapy treatment (busulfan). K. Sailor/ PM Lledo, Institut Pasteur. Annually over 50,000 bone marrow transplantations occur worldwide as a therapy for multiple cancerous and non-cancerous diseases.
Selective activation of the AMPK enzyme would lead to the death of leukaemia cells (in purple in this image). Jérôme Tamburini / UNIGE High resolution pictures A Swiss-French team that includes scientists has discovered how to trigger apoptosis in leukaemia cells by disrupting their energy maintenance mechanism.
Monoclonal antibody therapy can be very effective in treating numerous illnesses, such as cancers, chronic inflammatory conditions, and infectious diseases. However, it is costly and uses molecules that are complicated to produce. Therefore, it is essential to identify new therapeutic alternatives so that as many patients as possible get the treatments they need.
Microscopic visualization of lymphocytes ( in green ) infiltrating a tumor HEV ( in red ) during combination anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy. The white arrow indicates a lymphocyte that is leaving the bloodstream and entering the tumor ( Immunotherapy, a therapeutic strategy aimed at increasing the activity of the immune system in order to recognize and destroy cancer cells, has revolutionized cancer treatment over the past decade.
SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 disease attached to human respiratory epithelial cells. ©M.Rosa-Calatraval/O.Terrier/A.Pizzorno/E.Errazuriz-Cerda Almost 60% of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 have lymphopenia - a lower than normal number of lymphocytes in the blood circulation.
Disharmonious overgrowth syndromes are rare genetic diseases associated with a PIK3CA gene mutation. Since 2016, a team of researchers from Inserm, Paris Public Hospitals Group (AP-HP), Université de Paris, the Disharmonious Overgrowth and Vascular Abnormalities Unit of Institut Necker-Enfants Malades and the clinical departments of Hospices Civils of Lyon has demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of alpelisib, a molecule used to fight certain cancers, in treating a group of children and adults with severe forms of these diseases.
Study of gene therapy treatment in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Teams from the AP-HP, University of Paris, Inserm, within the Imagine Institute, the University College of London, and Généthon, have carried out work on treatment by gene therapy consisting of transplanting the patient's own genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells as part of a phase I/II clinical trial, promoted by Genethon, in 8 patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS).
Teams from the AP-HP, University of Paris, Inserm, within the Imagine Institute, the University College of London, and Généthon, have carried out work on treatment by gene therapy consisting of transplanting the patient's own genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells as part of a phase I/II clinical trial, promoted by Genethon, in 8 patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS).
Users of different transport types breathe in over twice the dose of black carbon per 30-minute period when traveling compared with when not traveling (when at home or at work, for example). Unsplash The measurements of individual exposure to pollution, which are generally taken at the place of residence, overlook two major parameters: the much higher exposure occurring during travel and the variations in air volumes, and consequently the varying levels of air pollutants, which are inhaled according to the intensity of physical exertion involved by the journey.
Every year in France, fine particle pollution (particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres 1 ) leads to the premature death of around 40,000 people. The associated cost is estimated at €100 billion per year. Despite this, public policies to combat air pollution are generally implemented without first assessing their future health and economic impacts.
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the bone marrow, with a life expectancy of less than 5 years post-diagnosis. Proteasome inhibitors, the therapeutic backbone of current treatments, are very effective in treating newly diagnosed cancers but resistance or intolerance to these molecules inevitably develop, leading to relapses.
Cannabis Use Since Adolescence Linked to Increased Unemployment Risk in Adulthood
Among the 17.1 million young Europeans who declared having used cannabis in the previous year, 10 million were between the ages of 15 and 24. Unsplash France has one of the world's highest levels of cannabis use, with around 40% of 17-year-olds reported to have used it in the previous year.
Among the 17.1 million young Europeans who declared having used cannabis in the previous year, 10 million were between the ages of 15 and 24. Unsplash France has one of the world's highest levels of cannabis use, with around 40% of 17-year-olds reported to have used it in the previous year.
A Common Food Additive Found to Alter the Human Microbiota and Intestinal Environment
Visualization of the human gut microbiota (red) in the mucus layer (green) on the surface of the intestine. Benoit Chassaing/Institut Cochin Given the high prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease, research is progressing to improve understanding of their risk factors and thus improve patient care.
Visualization of the human gut microbiota (red) in the mucus layer (green) on the surface of the intestine. Benoit Chassaing/Institut Cochin Given the high prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease, research is progressing to improve understanding of their risk factors and thus improve patient care.
Skin fibrosis impairs skin tissue function, and has a strong aesthetic impact. French researchers have now shown that applying an electric field to the skin could cure skin fibrosis by reducing overly high collagen levels. Collagen, the main component of the skin's extracellular matrix, can cause a pathological condition if it is in excess.
Drug addiction is a psychiatric disorder for which no pharmacological treatment with long-term efficacy currently exists. All addictive substances share the property of raising concentrations of the neurotransmitter dopamine within brain regions forming the neural reward circuit. This increase in dopamine levels results in long-lasting alteration of signal transmission that is dependent on another neurotransmitter, glutamate, which causes addictive behaviours.
Cell nuclei protect the DNA. Nuclei can rupture when cells are deformed, causing DNA damage. In the case of breast cancer, this damage makes tumour cells more invasive, with increased risk of metastasis. When cells multiply and migrate, they can be compressed and their nucleus may break open. This phenomenon causes DNA damage.
COVID-19: Will telecommuting strategies stop the virus from circulating?
How can we best organise on-site workplace and school attendance periods and remote work to slow the circulation of Sars-CoV-2? Is it better to separate classes? Bring your whole team in at the same time? Set this up on daily or weekly schedules? The COVID-19 pandemic has forced most countries to impose contact limitations in workplaces, universities and schools.
How can we best organise on-site workplace and school attendance periods and remote work to slow the circulation of Sars-CoV-2? Is it better to separate classes? Bring your whole team in at the same time? Set this up on daily or weekly schedules? The COVID-19 pandemic has forced most countries to impose contact limitations in workplaces, universities and schools.
The blood groups of three Neandertal females and one Denisovan female have been determined by a Marseille-based team including a palaeoanthropologist, population geneticists, and haematologists. Their research provides new data for understanding the origins, history, and health of these extinct hominin lineages.
Results of this research, a world-first, were published in Nature Medicine on May 24th, 2021. An international research team has shown that optogenetic therapy has helped a patient with retinitis pigmentosa to partially regain visual function. This is a milestone step towards a type of gene therapy that could restore vision.
Lensless Imaging System Affirms Phage Therapy's Value in Treating Serious Infection, Tracks Phage Resistance and Could Easily Be Implemented in Compact Devices at Phage Labs GRENOBLE, France - April 13, 2021 - A team of French and Swiss scientists has demonstrated a lensless imaging technique that could easily be implemented in cost-effective and compact devices in phage laboratories to accelerate phage-therapy diagnosis.
The Mfd protein repairs bacterial DNA, but can also, to scientists' surprise, promote mutation. Bacterial mutations can lead to antibiotic resistance. Understanding this second "role" of the Mfd protein opens up opportunities for combating antibiotic resistance, and also the resistance of tumours to anti-cancer drugs and therapies.
