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Life Sciences - Dec 1
While great progress has been made in recent years in the understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), its underlying molecular mechanisms remain fairly poorly documented. Several hypotheses have been put forward regarding the possible dysfunction of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, but rigorous scientific studies are still lacking in order to validate them. In a new publication, researchers from Inserm and Université de Tours at the Imaging & Brain unit have shown that specific receptors of glutamate, one of the most important neurotransmitters in the nervous system, are expressed in large quantities in the brains of adults with ASD. However, this overexpression of the receptors does not occur at earlier stages of development. The study, sponsored by Tours university hospital and published in
Astronomy - Nov 30
For the first time in over a decade, scientists from the CNRS and the Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique 1 , together with international colleagues, have observed a tidal disruption event (TDE) with jets, a very rare occurrence resulting from an encounter between a star and a supermassive black hole (SMBH).
History - Nov 23
Since the beginning of 2022, a study of the archaeology of the building led by the Inrap is engaged on the bell tower and the western facade of the cathedral of Nîmes.
Health - Nov 24
Tuberculosis affects 1 million children each year; less than half of them are diagnosed and treated for the disease, which leads to more than 200,000 deaths.
Life Sciences - Nov 23
Bats are asymptomatic carriers of a multitude of viruses that are pathogenic to most other mammals. How has their immune system evolved to shield them from these pathogens? A team of scientists-the majority affiliated with the CNRS, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, and ENS de Lyon 1 - has just published an article in Science Advances addressing that question.
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While great progress has been made in recent years in the understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), its underlying molecular mechanisms remain fairly poorly documented.
For the first time in over a decade, scientists from the CNRS and the Institut de radioastronomie millimétrique 1 , together with international colleagues, have observed a tidal disruption event (TDE
Tuberculosis affects 1 million children each year; less than half of them are diagnosed and treated for the disease, which leads to more than 200,000 deaths.
Since the beginning of 2022, a study of the archaeology of the building led by the Inrap is engaged on the bell tower and the western facade of the cathedral of Nîmes. It is an exceptional opportunity to deepen our knowledge of this emblematic building of the city of Nîmes, by studying closely its elevations.
How can bats harbor so many viruses without developing symptoms?
Bats are asymptomatic carriers of a multitude of viruses that are pathogenic to most other mammals. How has their immune system evolved to shield them from these pathogens? A team of scientists-the majority affiliated with the CNRS, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, and ENS de Lyon 1 - has just published an article in Science Advances addressing that question.
Bats are asymptomatic carriers of a multitude of viruses that are pathogenic to most other mammals. How has their immune system evolved to shield them from these pathogens? A team of scientists-the majority affiliated with the CNRS, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, and ENS de Lyon 1 - has just published an article in Science Advances addressing that question.
In bocage landscapes, the hedgerows that border cultivated fields provide many services. However, they are often perceived as sources of weeds, those wild plants generally called "weeds" and considered undesirable. Scientists from INRAE, in partnership with teams from the University of Rennes 1, CNRS and ANSES, studied the impacts of bocage landscapes on weeds.
Both sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia are genetic disorders that affect hemoglobin, and as such are categorized as beta-hemoglobinopathies. A team of scientists from Inserm, Université Paris Cité and the Paris Public Hospitals Group AP-HP at the Imagine Institute has shown the efficacy of a gene therapy approach to treat these two disorders.
An international consortium has identified rare variants in two new genes that markedly increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). The work was led by two research groups in France (headed respectively by Gaël Nicolas, Rouen and Jean-Charles Lambert, Lille) and a group in the Netherlands (headed by Henne Holstege, Amsterdam).
People with liver disease caused by eating too much sugar and fat could be at increased risk of developing serious neurological conditions like depression or dementia. In a study examining the link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and brain dysfunction, scientists at the Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, affiliated to King's College London and the University of Lausanne, found an accumulation of fat in the liver causes a decrease in oxygen to the brain and inflammation to brain tissue - both of which have been proven to lead to the onset of severe brain diseases.
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy indicated to fight tumors in many types of cancer. However, it does have major side effects - especially kidney toxicity, that can lead to acute kidney failure. In addition, patients treated with cisplatin also often report high levels of neuropathic pain.
How can we navigate airliners or allow military vehicles to stay on course without GPS or satellite signals? This is a problem for which quantum inertial sensors offer a solution. Harnessing quantum technology, they can take ultrasensitive measurements of acceleration in three dimensions, and in any orientation.
Several months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, some patients continue to have symptoms. This phenomenon, known as "post-COVID condition” or, more commonly, "long COVID”, remains poorly documented. In order to address this and improve patient care, research teams are trying to improve their understanding of the underlying biological and immunological mechanisms.
For the first time, a digital model has shown that both fishing and climate-induced environmental change are responsible for the collapse of cod stocks in the North Sea. Taking into consideration these two factors together is crucial for the sustainable management of fish stocks. Using a new digital model, an international team led by researchers from the oceanology and geosciences laboratory (LOG) (CNRS/Université de Lille/Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale) has shown how fishing and climate affect cod stocks in the North Sea.
Controlling and studying the chemistry of batteries is crucial to improving their design. Scientists have developed an optical fibre based method for monitoring the evolving chemistry of a commercial battery in real time during charging and discharging. These results pave the way for easier and improved battery design.
Plastics response to extreme stretching
By coupling a tensile machine and an in situ dielectric measurement, physicists from Lyon (ENS de Lyon Physicis Laboratory and MATEIS) have made a breakthrough in understanding the molecular reorganizations that allow a polymer film to stretch. The results of this study are published in the journal Macromolecules .
By coupling a tensile machine and an in situ dielectric measurement, physicists from Lyon (ENS de Lyon Physicis Laboratory and MATEIS) have made a breakthrough in understanding the molecular reorganizations that allow a polymer film to stretch. The results of this study are published in the journal Macromolecules .
The large morphological classes of galaxies have fascinated astronomers since their discovery. A new analysis led by Louis Quilley, PhD student (Sorbonne University), and Valérie de Lapparent, researcher at the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), establishes a physical link between the order of the different types of the famous Hubble sequence, and the systematic evolution of galaxies.
Efficacy of a Meningococcal B Vaccine and a Preventive Antibiotic in Reducing the Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections
The ANRS DOXYVAC trial, conducted by a research team from the Paris public hospitals group (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Inserm and Sorbonne Université in collaboration with AIDES and Coalition PLUS, demonstrates the efficacy of both a meningococcal B vaccine in reducing the risk of gonorrhea infection and the use of doxycycline as preventive intervention for sexually transmitted infections when taken within 72h after sexual intercourse.
The ANRS DOXYVAC trial, conducted by a research team from the Paris public hospitals group (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Inserm and Sorbonne Université in collaboration with AIDES and Coalition PLUS, demonstrates the efficacy of both a meningococcal B vaccine in reducing the risk of gonorrhea infection and the use of doxycycline as preventive intervention for sexually transmitted infections when taken within 72h after sexual intercourse.
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are one of the solutions being put forward to help adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change. To demonstrate their effectiveness, scientists from CRIOBE (CNRS/École Pratique des Hautes Etudes/UPVD), as part of an international team 1 , analysed 22,403 research articles on MPAs.
Hipparchus' star catalog is the earliest known attempt to accurately determine the positions of fixed stars. Researchers have just found fragments of this missing text in an old manuscript. They show that Hipparchus' data were significantly more accurate than those of another catalog composed centuries later.
A team of European researchers has established a new principle that explains how flying insects determine the direction of gravity, without using accelerometers. These results are an important step towards the creation of tiny autonomous drones. For proper operation, drones usually use accelerometers to determine the direction of gravity.
News from the Lab is a selection of science news that are significant or interesting for a broad readership.
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